COBOL programmers must possess a strong understanding of the COBOL language itself, which is still widely used in legacy systems across the finance and government sectors.

Proficiency in debugging and problem-solving is essential, as they often work with complex, older systems.

Familiarity with databases, especially SQL, is often required, as COBOL is frequently used for business data processing.

Finally, keen analytical skills and a patient approach to deciphering legacy code are invaluable traits in this niche field.

COBOL, an acronym for Common Business-Oriented Language, is a high-level programming language that is predominantly used in business, finance, and administrative systems. Its enduring relevance stems from its unparalleled proficiency in handling large volumes of data. COBOL programmers are valued for their expertise in maintaining mission-critical applications in sectors like banking and insurance, where the language is deeply entrenched. Though COBOL might seem antiquated compared to newer languages, its widespread usage and stability make it an important facet of the programming landscape.

COBOL programming, an enduring yet old-school language, primarily differs from modern programming languages in its verbose nature and focus on business data processing.

Built for readability, COBOL code often resembles plain English, unlike the terse and cryptic syntax of languages like Python or JavaScript.

Furthermore, it's designed for large-scale batch and transaction processing systems, making it a stalwart choice in industries like banking and insurance.

However, its antiquity might mean fewer resources and a steeper learning curve for beginners compared to contemporary languages.

COBOL programmers are primarily sought after in industries that heavily rely on legacy systems, such as banking, insurance, and government sectors. These fields often utilize large, time-tested mainframe systems written in COBOL, making the role of a COBOL programmer critical in maintaining and upgrading these systems.

Additionally, retail and healthcare industries, which handle copious amounts of data, may also require COBOL programmers for their data processing needs.

As digital landscapes evolve, the demand for COBOL programmers remains surprisingly robust due to the longevity of legacy systems.

Many large organizations, especially in finance and government, rely on COBOL for their mainframe applications, creating a steady, albeit niche, need for these specialists.

However, as COBOL professionals retire and fewer new programmers learn the language, the supply has dwindled.

This scenario has led to higher rates and opportunities for COBOL programmers, despite the language's age and relative obscurity in modern programming education.

Becoming a proficient COBOL programmer typically requires 3 to 5 years of hands-on experience. This period allows programmers to fully comprehend the language's syntax, structure, and real-world application.

However, the exact duration varies depending on an individual's prior programming knowledge and commitment to continual learning. It's important to remember that proficiency not only involves coding but also problem-solving, debugging, and understanding business processes.

COBOL programmers usually begin their careers as junior developers, gaining hands-on experience in maintaining legacy systems.

As they acquire proficiency, they advance to senior developer roles, working on complex projects and even leading teams.

With significant experience, they may transition into managerial or consultant roles, offering strategic guidance on COBOL systems.

It's noteworthy that due to the scarcity of new COBOL talent, experienced programmers often find lucrative opportunities, making career progression relatively fast compared to other programming fields.

COBOL programmers, experts in the vintage yet resilient computer language, typically fall within a broad salary range. On average, in the United States, they earn between $60,000 to $100,000 per year. However, this compensation can fluctuate depending on factors such as experience, geographical location, and industry. Making an informed decision necessitates considering these variables when evaluating options related to COBOL programmers.

COBOL programmers typically hold a bachelor's degree in computer science, information systems, or a related field.

In-depth understanding of COBOL language is essential, often acquired through coursework or self-study.

While not always required, certifications like IBM's Certified Associate Developer - COBOL can enhance job prospects.

Additionally, a solid foundation in database systems and an understanding of business operations can be beneficial in this role.

Absolutely, an individual without a computer science degree can still pursue a career as a COBOL programmer. Many successful COBOL programmers have backgrounds in various fields and have acquired their programming skills through self-study, coding bootcamps, or on-the-job training.

What matters most is a solid understanding of COBOL language, strong problem-solving abilities, and a commitment to continuous learning in this ever-evolving field. Remember, the pathway to becoming a COBOL programmer is diverse and flexible, and not strictly confined to a traditional computer science degree.

COBOL programmers, steeped in this venerable yet enduring language, primarily engage with projects related to business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. They typically work on maintaining and updating legacy systems, ensuring their seamless operation.

Given the language's robustness and reliability in processing large volumes of data, COBOL programmers often find themselves working on banking and insurance software, payroll systems, and other data-intensive applications.

COBOL programmers often find it beneficial to learn other languages like Java, C++, and SQL. Java and C++ can complement COBOL's business-oriented nature by providing a broader programming perspective, allowing for more versatile coding solutions. SQL, on the other hand, is essential for database management, a skill highly valued in many sectors where COBOL is utilized. These languages, learned alongside COBOL, can greatly enhance a programmer's adaptability and marketability in the ever-evolving tech landscape.